failure mechanisms in high chrome oxide gasifier refractories
A New Generation of Refractories to Enable Gasifier Fuel
The main component in current refractory linings is chrome oxide. NETL is researching new types of refractory materials as an alternative to the high chrome oxide refractories currently used with the goal of improving performance and providing a predictable service life. It has previously developed and patented the use of phosphate additives
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Corrosion mechanism of Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2 refractories in a
Feb 01 2020 · Furthermore Bennett et al. 33 studied the degradation/failure mechanism of the spent high chrome oxide refractory for the gasifier sidewall. Their results indicated that the corrosion process was controlled by chemical dissolution and spalling and structural spalling.
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Advanced Refractory Lining Improves Gasifier Reliability
Jan 01 2010 · But according to NETL the traditional high-chrome oxide refractory used to line gasifiers fails in three to 24 months requiring complete shutdown of the unit for material replacement. The poor
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A FRACTURE MECHANICS APPROACH FOR Wiley Online Library
Abstract— Ordinary ceramic refractories are used as lining material for industrial pyro‐processes. A high resistance to mechanical failure from an imposed strain or thermal shock is usually termed "flexibility". A scientific approach to enhance this property is hindered by the fact that there is a lack of understanding definition and measurement of this parameter in relation to its
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PossibleDesignofChromeoxide-freeRefractory EIRICH AWARD
and the replacement of high chrome oxide materials by environmentally friendly recyclable and economic refractories on the other hand allows the reduction of CO 2 emission in more than one way. The development of a new gasification technique reduces the peak temperature at the liner wall from 1600 °C to about 1400 °C which al -
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FIELD TRIAL RESULTS OF NETL S PHOSPHATE-MODIFIED
typical slagging gasifier is lined with high chrome oxide refractory materials to protect it from the severe service environment of gasification. The refractory may contain up to 95 pct chrome oxide and typically last no more than 2 years with high wear areas failing within 3 months. Refractory failure
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USAChrome oxide refractory compositionGoogle
Chrome oxide refractory materials which are a mixture of coarse fused chrome oxide particles and fine chrome oxide particles are disclosed as resistant to silica attack. The refractory materials have a Cr 2 O 3 content of at least about 98.5 and substantially no MgO.
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Understanding Refractory Failure—A New Perspective
Refractory has always been an integral part of steam-generating boilers. In the steam-generating industry refractory materials are used for filling gaps and openings to help keep the fire inside the fire box for lining ash hoppers (wet and dry) that collect ash and slag and for the protection of lower furnace wall tubes inside fluidized bed cyclone-fired or refuse-derived fired boilers.
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PossibleDesignofChromeoxide-freeRefractory EIRICH AWARD
and the replacement of high chrome oxide materials by environmentally friendly recyclable and economic refractories on the other hand allows the reduction of CO 2 emission in more than one way. The development of a new gasification technique reduces the peak temperature at the liner wall from 1600 °C to about 1400 °C which al -
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THE WEAR AND CORROSION OF HIGH CHROME OXIDE
The hot face of an air cooled slagging gasifier is lined with high chrome oxide refractory material of the types listed in table 1. This environment involves not only hot corrosive gases but includes slag formed from impurities within the carbon feedstock that liquefy into slag at the elevated processing temperatures.
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Impact of Temperature and Oxygen Partial Pressure on
In the gasifier slags interact with the high chrome oxide refractory liner causing wear and eventual failure of the refractory lining by two primary meansspalling (structural and chemical) and chemical dissolution.
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Gasification Slag and the Mechanisms by Which Phosphorous
Cite this paper as Bennett J. Nakano A. Nakano J. Thomas H. (2016) Gasification Slag and the Mechanisms by Which Phosphorous Additions Reduce Slag Wear and Corrosion in High Cr 2 O 3 Refractories. In Reddy R.G. Chaubal P. Pistorius P.C. Pal U. (eds) Advances in Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts 2016.
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The Corrosion Of High Chrome Oxide Refractory Liners In
The Corrosion Of High Chrome Oxide Refractory Liners In Slagging Gasifiers By Carbon Feedstock Impurites J.P. Bennett J.P. Bennett NETL-USDOE. Search for other works by this author on This Site.
Get PriceProceedings of the Unified International Technical
DANA G. GOSKI PHD is the Director of Research at Allied Mineral Products in Columbus Ohio. Dr. Goski earned her PhD in Engineering from Dalhousie University Canada. She is a member of The American Ceramic Society s (ACerS) Refractories Division a co-inventor on a number of international patents and an ardent supporter of science and engineering educational outreach activities.
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MOLTEN SLAGS FORMED DURING GASIFICATION OF
Although the high chrome oxide refractory identified from that research is a superior liner material to others that were evaluated it does not meet the service life requirements of the gasification industry failing between 3 and 24 months after which the gasifier is taken out of service for between 4 and 21 days while a new lining is installed or repairs to the existing lining are made.
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FIRE Compendium Series Vol. 2C Corrosion of Refractories
7.1.2. Hexavalent chrome oxide formation in gasifier refractories285 7.1.3. Improved performance refractory liner material through phosphate additions 286 7.1.4. Slag management to reduce refractory wear 289 7.1.5. Control of vanadium oxide valance during gasification 295 7.1.6. Gasifier brick installation and misfit 299 7.1.7.
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Energies Free Full-Text A Critical Review of Mineral
It is the refractory that protects external shell of the gasifier. Refractory degradation occurs in several ways—penetration of slag into refractory changes the physical and chemical properties of refractory layer resulting in the K.-S. Failure mechanisms in high chrome oxide gasifier refractories. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2011 42 888
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Gasifier Refractories Coal Slags and Their Interaction
conducted by XRD ICP and SEM to determine the failure mechanisms to study the reaction between gasifier slags and refractories and to evaluate the performance of NETL developed phosphate containing refractories. Key words IGCC Gasification coal slag Cr. 2. O. 3. refractories phosphate . 1. Introduction . Gasification is a process
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Al2O3-ZrO2-TiO2 new promising refractory lining materials
Wear of high-chrome oxide materials J.P. Bennett K.-S. Kwong Failure mechanisms in high chrome oxide gasifier refractories Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 42A (2011) pp. SEM of slag/refractory interphase after 2000 h at 1500 °C with coal slag 1 –slag 2 –FeAl 2 O 4 3 –FeO·Cr 2 O 3 4 –Cr 2 O 3-Al 2 O 3-grain 5
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High Performance Refractories High Performance Ceramics
Feb 25 2021 · Saint-Gobain Performance Ceramics Refractories leads the industry in design development and production of engineered ceramics and refractory products for extreme operating conditions and high-temperature applications. Every product and material is designed to maximize performance and durability while minimalizing environmental impact.
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High Performance Refractories High Performance Ceramics
Feb 25 2021 · Saint-Gobain Performance Ceramics Refractories leads the industry in design development and production of engineered ceramics and refractory products for extreme operating conditions and high-temperature applications. Every product and material is designed to maximize performance and durability while minimalizing environmental impact.
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FIELD TRIAL RESULTS OF NETL S PHOSPHATE-MODIFIED HIGH
An improved performance high chrome oxide refractory for slagging gasifier applications has been developed evaluated in field trials and placed in commercial production. This refractory was conceived and engineered by the NETL and produced and evaluated in collaboration with Harbison-Walker Refractories Company.
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USAChrome oxide refractory compositionGoogle
Chrome oxide refractory materials which are a mixture of coarse fused chrome oxide particles and fine chrome oxide particles are disclosed as resistant to silica attack. The refractory materials have a Cr 2 O 3 content of at least about 98.5 and substantially no MgO.
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An analysis of the causes of failure in high chrome oxide
An improved performance high chrome oxide refractory for slagging gasifier applications has been developed evaluated in field trials and placed in commercial production.
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Understanding Refractory Failure—A New Perspective
Refractory has always been an integral part of steam-generating boilers. In the steam-generating industry refractory materials are used for filling gaps and openings to help keep the fire inside the fire box for lining ash hoppers (wet and dry) that collect ash and slag and for the protection of lower furnace wall tubes inside fluidized bed cyclone-fired or refuse-derived fired boilers.
Get Price
MECHANISMS OF WEAR OF REFRACTORY MATERIALS IN SNORKELS OF
mechanisms of wear of refractory materials in snorkels of rh degasser and the possibilities for their an analysis of the causes of failure in high chrome oxide refractory materials from slagging gasifiers. bennett j. / kwong k.-s development of refractories for gasification-melting furnaces used for automobile shredder residue (asr)
Get PriceChrome Compounds Refractory Cements Refractory Materials
Due to the heightened cost of chrome components in refractory manufacture some research has suggested a layered approach to reactor lining(26) or a sectional-type arrangement a high weight chromium oxide layer in the hottest section and a lower chromium oxide (down to 15 weight with the balance being alumina) in the cooler zones(27).
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Microstructure and Corrosion of Phosphate OnePetro
Mar 15 2015 · Post mortem analysis of spent Cr 2 O 3 refractories has been conducted using XRD ICP and SEM to find failure mechanisms and to study the reaction between gasifier slags and refractories. An improved Cr 2 O 3 refractory was developed through phosphate additions which performed successfully in gasifier field tests.
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Chrome Compounds Refractory Cements Refractory Materials
Due to the heightened cost of chrome components in refractory manufacture some research has suggested a layered approach to reactor lining(26) or a sectional-type arrangement a high weight chromium oxide layer in the hottest section and a lower chromium oxide (down to 15 weight with the balance being alumina) in the cooler zones(27).
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